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铝合金本色氧化一般与铝和铝合金的成分、组织及相的均匀性等有关，或者与电解液中所溶解的某些金属离子或悬浮杂质等有关。铝和铝合金的化学成分、组织和金属相的均匀性会影响氧化膜的生成和性能。纯铝或铝镁合金的氧化膜容易生成，膜的质量也较佳。而铝硅合金或含铜量较高的铝合金，氧化膜则较难生成，且生成的膜发暗、发灰，光泽性不好。如果表面产生金属相的不均匀、组织偏析、微杂质偏析或者热处理不当所造成各部分组织不均匀等，则易产生选择性氧化或选择性溶解。若铝合金中局部硅含量偏析，则往往造成局部无氧化膜或呈黑斑点条纹或局部选择性溶解产生空穴等。另外，如果电解液中有悬浮杂质、尘埃或铜铁等金属杂质离子含量过高，往往会使氧化膜出现黑斑点或黑条纹，影响氧化膜的抗蚀防护性能。

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